Beginners Guide To Tuning Your Car Part 2

Continued  From Part 1

Forced Induction
Compressed air forced to the engine can produce large amounts of power from the engine.A variety options is available from increasing boost to replacing the supercharger for one large volume.This is an area which is unique to supercharge/turbocharged tuning.

What is Turbocharger

Using the energy from the engine exhaust gasses, blades like those found in a windmill are turned with a compressor which attached on the same axis. This compresses air and forces it into the engine allowing for higher outputs to be gained from the engine. The amount of air (pressure) forced into the engine is referred to as boost pressure and this can be adjusted by controlling the amount of exhaust gas which passes through the turbo. This adjustment is performed by the use of a bypass valve which is between the engine and turbo and can release the exhaust gas without flowing through the turbo. This is activated by the compressor pressure.

By raising boost pressure the engine is able to take in more air but due to limitations in engine strength and extreme combustion (known as detonation or knocking) boost pressure is limited. Stock boost pressure is normally restricted with a large margin of safety to cope with a wide variety of uses and also for environmental reasons.

Types of Bypass Valve

Bypass valves fall into 2 main types. Actuator types and wastegate types. Both work by opening a bypass valve when the designated boost level is reached and allowing the exhaust gas to escape without flowing through the turbo which prevents boost from rising further. They both perform the same job but the actuator is compact and can be made as one with the turbo unit, whilst the wastegate requires piping and fitting before the turbo, bypass capacity can be made larger on a wastegate type giving more stable boost settings. From these characteristics, it is common that actuators are used on stock and smaller turbos whilst wastegates are used on larger turbos for higher power applications.

What is 'Boost Up'

By increasing the amount of forced air into the engine, the explosive force is increased thus increasing engine output. "Boost up" increases the conservative stock boost levels to release the full potential of the stock setup. The most common way to raise boost is to fit an EVC (Electronic Valve Controller) boost controller. It is also possible to replace the actuator for one with a stronger spring. Although Boost up is a relatively simple way of increasing power, there are many possible complications such as knocking fuel control or boost cut that could lead to possible engine damage and so it is important to be aware of the vehicles capabilities.

Turbo Swapping

Turbo swapping is the next step up from boost up. The limitations of the stock turbo can be easily reached and for those who require more can replace their turbo for one which can handle more air flow.

Normally, one would think that with the same engine and boost pressure, a small turbo and large turbo would both produce the same amount of power. However this is not the case and the larger turbo will produce more power. This is caused by the difference in turbo efficiency as each size turbo has a boost pressure (air flow rate) that it can work most efficiently at and using inefficient boost pressure will cause a rise in air temperature reducing air density thus reducing the amount of air into the engine even at the same boost pressure.

Intercooler

An Intercooler is a heat exchanger (cooling device) which is designed to cool air which has been heated by the turbo during compression.

Popular tuning in this field involves the addition or replacement of the intercooler for one of higher capacity and efficiency. A good intercooler must be able to reduce the resistance to air flow (pressure loss) and also reduce the air temperature as much as possible. These are two opposite properties and so it is difficult to achieve both together.

Supercharger

As opposed to a Turbocharger which uses exhaust gas power, a supercharger borrows a little power directly from the engine to operate a compressor. Specifically, it is most common to use a belt and pulley from the engine crankshaft to turn the compressor. As a result, the compressor will work from low rpm giving good response from the moment the accelerator is depressed. With a turbo which uses exhaust gas flow there is a delay before the exhaust gas flow necessary to operate the compressor is generated. However, at higher engine speeds (rpm), superchargers which use engine power, tends to becomes less efficient than a turbocharger.

Common Supercharger Types

Roots Type:

2 rotors mesh together and push air out of a housing. Most conventional superchargers are of this type. Since a roots type supercharger does not compress air inside within the unit, a larger housing can be required for big power outputs.

Centrifugal Type:

Shaped like a turbo but is driven directly by the engine rather than by exhaust gas. The internal structure divides into several further subgroups. HKS uses what is referred to as "Torque Reaction Drive Type" and with internal compression and traction drive mechanism, is able to provide suitable compression at all engine speeds.

to be continue

Beginners Guide To Tuning Your Car

What is Tuning

"Tuning" as improvement of vehicle overall performance in response to user needs. When tuning, some users may have some incorrect thought which may lead to them fitting the wrong parts for their needs. For this reason it is important for the user to know "what their target/goal" is and "what parts are needed" to achieve this goal. Here we will explain engine tuning, from light to hard, as simply as possible.

The First Step Tuning is Understand How Engines Work

Cars will not become fast by simply throwing parts at it. It is important to understand your own requirements and then tune to suit. This can also be applied to increasing engine power also. There are many routes to obtaining more power but depending on whether you want big peak power or want low engine speed torque for comfortable street driving, the choice of parts will change along with the order in which each process must be completed. In order to efficiently know what course to follow, it is important to understand how an engine and its components work.

The 5 Main Elements Of Engine Tuning

-Intake Parts

-Exhaust Parts

-Forced Induction

-Fuel Managements

-Ignition

-Intake Parts-

when people use strength or exercize,they breathe heavily and breathe with lot of air.

A car also produce more strength by breathing in more air.The best and most efficient way to increase the intake air volume is to change the air cleaner system.

In order to increase intake efficiency, the most important thing is to remove anything that could become a restriction and guide air smoothly into the engine. However, the stock air cleaner is designed to reduce intake noise and to prevent the filter from being blocked over a long period of use under a variety of conditions. This makes the stock air intake system very inefficient from a performance point of view. It is like someone running a marathon wearing a gas mask!

-Exhaust Parts-

In the intake system we discusses how it is important engine to breathe in but as with the human body,

it is just important to breathe out.The first step in breathe out tuning is muffler replacement.

The basics of exhaust tuning are in the increase of exhaust efficiency but it is not right to assume that the least resistance leads to the highest efficiency. By removing the muffler, exhaust resistance is radically reduced but engine torque is also reduces, adversely affecting launch and vehicle acceleration so it is necessary to have just the right amount of exhaust back pressure (resistance). Exhaust manifolds are a good example of this where it is possible to change the characteristics of the engine with the shape, joins and lengths of the manifold. The exhaust system plays a vital role in the exhaust emissions and sound levels of the car. Stock mufflers tend to have tight bends and crushed areas in order to reduce production cost and layout reasons. The emphasis on the design is to reduce sound levels and gain torque at the lowest engine speeds. Sports mufflers have smoother bends to increase the efficiency of the exhaust system and each system is tuned to the specific car so that sports cars can have efficient power all through the rev range, whilst sedan and wagon cars will have more emphasis on producing torque. Sound is also tuned to suit the application whilst giving enough to state its presence. Turbos (more details later) use exhaust energy to produce power and so become a resistance in the exhaust system and so mufflers for turbo power cars are designed with less resistance compared to NA vehicles. Dependant on the vehicle type and muffler, it is possible to raise boost levels and gain big power increases.

Stock mufflers prioritise low cost, low sound levels and low engine speed torque and the silencer has many sections disrupting the flow of exhaust gas.Sports mufflers which have prioritised exhaust gas flow have gentle pipe bends and the silencer has a straight pipe design which aids exhaust gas flow. Sounds levels have a tendency to increase, but some modern sports mufflers are able to provide efficient flow whilst keep noise levels low.

Metal Catalyzer improved both exhaust efficiency and Cleansing Properties

The catalyzer cleans the exhaust gasses so that they are less harmful to the environment. A catalyzer has a fine mesh structure with many tiny holes causing a resistance to exhaust gas flow. When considering only exhaust efficiency, best results would be achieved by the removal of the catalyzer but this would release many harmful gasses into the atmosphere and make the exhaust sound very loud. For these reasons the removal of a catalyzer from a vehicle is prohibited by law in many countries. In order to overcome this issue, the HKS 150 cell metal catalyzer was developed which has a much coarser mesh (cell) design allowing more efficient exhaust gas flow whilst maintaining cleansing properties through innovative design combining performance with social responsibilities.

to be continue at part 2

Super Junior vs Super Senior

asslamualaikum....

Yuuuhuuuu.....dah lama tak menghapdet blog aku ni.Alasannya seperti biasalah kan busy busy busy.Terima kasihlah kepada bloggers yg sentiasa melawat blog aku ni and sorry lambat update.Last week aku balik kampung Cik Ain sebab ada kenduri kawin.....Khamis malam gerak Ahad malam balik sini...Pastu hari ni bar ada kesempatan nak tgk Maharaja Lawak Mega yang aku rakam kat astro decoder.Banyak banyak persembahan setakat ni kumpulan boboi yang paling aku minat.Memang terbaik...Last week punya show adalah bertemakan muzikal komedi....kumpulan boboi leh modified lagu super junior layan weeeeiiiii....